DEP: Cabot drilling caused methane in Lenox water wells
citizensvoice.com/news/dep-cabot-drilling-caused-methane-in-lenox-water-wells-1.1255042#axzz1iyajDcbK
By Laura Legere (Staff Writer)
Published: January 9, 2012
Methane in three private water wells in Lenox Township seeped there from a flawed natural gas well drilled by Cabot Oil and Gas Corp., state environmental regulators have found.
An investigation by the Department of Environmental Protection determined that the gas migrated from at least one of three Marcellus Shale wells drilled on the Stalter well pad about half a mile west of Interstate 81 in Susquehanna County.
The gas was found seeping into three water supplies beginning in August 2011. A fourth water well for a hunting cabin is still being evaluated, DEP spokesman Daniel Spadoni said.
Video taken from inside one of Cabot’s gas wells showed that a string of steel casing meant to seal off the aquifer from gas and other contaminants was improperly constructed, according to a notice of violation sent to the company by DEP in September.
Methane was also found between the cemented strings of casing in all three gas wells on the Stalter pad, a sign state regulators view as evidence of flaws in a well’s construction.
The dissolved methane in one nearby water supply jumped from 0.3 milligrams per liter before drilling began to 49 milligrams per liter on Aug. 16 and 57 milligrams per liter on Aug. 18, according to the violation notice.
Cabot installed methane detection alarms in three homes and vented the three affected water wells to keep the methane from accumulating and creating an explosion risk. The company is also delivering replacement drinking water to two of the homes, Spadoni said. The methane in the third water well has decreased so the home does not require an alternate water supply, he said.
Cabot spokesman George Stark said Friday that the company submitted a detailed response to the DEP and is working with regulators on the issue.
“Cabot is committed to safe and responsible operations and takes matters like this very seriously,” he said. “We believe in fact-based, scientific research to guide any necessary corrective actions.”
Department regulators sent Cabot a violation notice on Sept. 19, but neither the department’s public eFACTS compliance database nor its monthly oil and gas violations report noted the inspection or violations until last week, when a Times-Shamrock reporter asked about the status of the investigation.
DEP policy requires the oil and gas program to update the eFACTS database within 10 working days of completing an inspection or mailing a notice of violations.
Spadoni said the missing information was “an oversight.”
State regulators determined in 2009 that faulty Cabot gas wells were also responsible for a prominent case of methane contamination affecting 19 homes in Dimock Township, about 10 miles west of the Lenox site. Cabot has said natural conditions, not its operations, caused the contamination in that case.
llegere@timesshamrock.com
Clearfield County well to hold fracking wastewater
www.centredaily.com/2011/12/11/3016382/clearfield-county-well-to-hold.html
By Cliff White cwhite@centredaily.com
Posted: Dec 11, 2011
A Pennsylvania tractor-trailer unloads fracking wastewater at the Devco 1 injection well near Cambridge, Ohio, in July. (COLUMBUS DISPATCH PHOTO/KYLE ROBERTSON)
It’s an old story by now in Pennsylvania: local residents upset about a Marcellus Shale-related well proposed in their back yard.
But there’s a difference in the well planned for Brady Township, Clearfield County. Instead of taking gas out of the ground, the well is intended to store fracking wastewater deep in the folds of the earth. Neighbors are up in arms, but the debate marks a new step in the evolution of the Marcellus Shale play.
“Injection of flowback fluids or fluids from the production process has been a common procedure for a long, long time, but it’s still relatively rare in Pennsylvania,” said Tom Murphy, co-director of the Penn State Marcellus Center for Outreach and Research. < http://marcellus.psu.edu/ >
Flowback water is a briny, silty and potentially toxic cocktail created as a byproduct of the hydraulic fracturing process, when millions of gallons of water are pumped at high pressure into a gas well to create fractures in rock formations, thereby releasing trapped gas. Environmental regulations require drillers to capture and dispose of wastewater that commonly flows back out of the gas well when it is fracked.
Read more
Dimock officials reject water delivery offer
citizensvoice.com/dimock-officials-reject-water-delivery-offer-1.1241307#axzz1frMxDI58
BY LAURA LEGERE, STAFF WRITER
Published: December 6, 2011
DIMOCK TWP. – Township supervisors unanimously declined an aid offer by the mayor of Binghamton, N.Y., on Monday night that would have allowed the city to provide a tanker of fresh water to Dimock residents with tainted wells whose replacement water deliveries were stopped last week.
The decision capped a fiery monthly board meeting dominated by supporters of the natural gas drilling company that provided replacement bulk and bottled water for years after state environmental regulators found the driller at fault for methane contamination of 18 water wells.
The drilling company, Cabot Oil and Gas Corp., stopped the deliveries on Nov. 30 with the regulators’ consent.
Citing state findings that the residents’ well water is safe to drink and a preliminary federal review that determined the water does not pose an immediate health risk, community members urged the township to stay out of the disagreement between Cabot and 11 affected families that have sued the company over the contamination.
Township solicitor Sam Lewis said signing a mutual aid agreement inviting an out-of-state municipality to provide free water to private residents raised “significant liability issues” for the township and was potentially outside of the board’s authority.
“If people want to, out of the goodness of their own heart, provide water to these 11 families, that’s fine,” he said. “The question is whether the township should be involved with that joint venture and from that standpoint the legal answer is no.”
The statement drew sustained applause in the township garage crowded with 140 residents.
The hour-long meeting, attended by a state police constable and punctuated by jeers, highlighted the division in the township, an epicenter for natural gas extraction from Pennsylvania’s Marcellus Shale. Residents seeking water deliveries insisted that their well water contains contaminants other than methane that make it a risk to them and their children, while residents who support Cabot blamed their neighbors for tarnishing Dimock’s reputation and failing to accept the gas company’s offered help.
Some Dimock residents with methane-tainted water accepted new water wells, treatment systems or other remedies provided by Cabot, which denies it caused the contamination. The affected families that received delivered water said the treatment systems do not work, do not remove contaminants other than methane and do not meet the obligation under state law for a driller to restore or replace water supplies they damage.
Water paid for by an environmental group was delivered Monday to some of the residents using a City of Binghamton truck, an arrangement Binghamton Mayor Matthew T. Ryan said did not require a mutual aid agreement because it was a gift from an outside organization.
“Why not let people help?” he asked before suggesting that if the township declined the mutual aid agreement and residents got sick from drinking their water, the community could face a lawsuit.
Supervisor Matthew Neenan bristled at the suggestion.
“Why should we haul them water? They got themselves into this,” he said. “You keep your nose in Binghamton, I’ll give you that advice. We’ll worry about Dimock Township.”
Outside the meeting, Norma Fiorentino sat on a fold-out chair with moist eyes and shook her head. One of the residents with elevated methane in her water, she said her son-in-law is a supervisor who voted against the aid agreement that would have brought her water.
“It’s just hard to see neighbor against neighbor, friend against friend, family against family, she said.
Dimock supervisors to meet tonight on water delivery offer
citizensvoice.com/news/drilling/dimock-supervisors-to-meet-tonight-on-water-delivery-offer-1.1240848#axzz1frMxDI58
By Laura Legere, Staff Writer
Published: December 5, 2011
Dimock Township supervisors will consider tonight whether to accept a tanker of fresh water offered by the mayor of Binghamton, N.Y., to township residents whose water deliveries were stopped last week by the natural gas driller blamed for tainting their wells.
Scott Ely holds a glass of brown water that came from his 300-feet deep water well at his Dimock Township property in November. (Michael J. Mullen / Times-Shamrock)
The Dimock officials postponed signing a mutual aid agreement offered Friday by Binghamton Mayor Matthew T. Ryan, who wants to deliver water to 11 families at odds with Cabot Oil and Gas Corp., the company the state deemed responsible for contaminating township wells with methane.
Cabot says it is not responsible for the contamination, and federal regulators said Friday that a preliminary review of past water tests “does not indicate that the well water presents an immediate health threat.”
The families’ lawyer asked Friday for a retraction of that statement, citing water tests that show elevated metals and the presence of chemicals for which there are no drinking water standards.
Supervisor Paul Jennings said Sunday the board would not sign the mutual aid agreement or any legal document without consulting its solicitor, who was not available to review the document on Friday.
He did not know if the board will take official action on the offer tonight.
“We’re going to at least discuss it,” he said, “and I don’t know what the outcome is going to be.”
While considered more a gesture than a permanent fix for the families’ desire for fresh water, Ryan’s offer was immediately controversial among Dimock residents. Cabot supporters gathered at the township building Friday to argue against accepting the mayor’s offer. Jennings said all three supervisors were present at the township building at the time but no meeting was held.
Cabot critics called the gathering a violation of the state’s open meetings law and were outraged when a Cabot spokesman was quoted by a Binghamton television station saying the township supervisors had “no desire to request mutual aid.”
Jennings said the spokesman was not representing the township board.
“Obviously he can’t speak for us,” he said. “Nobody can until we meet to discuss it.”
The meeting will be held at 7 p.m. at the township building.
llegere@timesshamrock.com
Pa. DEP head lobbies for gas drilling
www.poconorecord.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20111123%2FNEWS%2F111230310%2F-1%2FNews
By Christina Tatu
Pocono Record Writer
November 23, 2011
Natural gas drilling would provide jobs, money and, contrary to naysayers, does not harm the environment, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Secretary Michael Krancer said at East Stroudsburg University Tuesday.
Krancer’s visit was just days after the Delaware River Basin Commission postponed a vote to allowing drilling in the Delaware River watershed.
Krancer had few comments on the delayed vote, but said it was “politically motivated” and that opponents are basing their opinions on misguided ideology, instead of facts.
The commission, which has board members representing the governors of Delaware, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania and the White House, abruptly postponed the vote last week after Delaware Gov. Jack Markell said he would vote against the rules, making the outcome uncertain.
Pennsylvania’s Gov. Tom Corbett is a supporter of natural gas drilling and was expected to vote in favor of the regulations.
Krancer, who was at ESU for a forum on sustainability, said Pennsylvanians are sitting on a huge natural resource, one so abundant, it would give the state a powerful edge in the energy market. Pennsylvania could sell energy to its large urban neighbors, like Boston and New York City, he said.
“If we are able to gather this resource and use it, we’ll clean the air, we’ll be more healthy and economically healthy,” he said.
Opponents say the method of extracting the gas, known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, endangers drinking water. The method involves pumping large amounts of water and chemicals thousands of feet underground to break up the Marcellus shale and release the natural gas.
Krancer dismissed those concerns Tuesday.
“The chemicals make up half a percent of what’s in fracking material, and many of those chemicals found in the water are food grade,” he said.
He also said it’s untrue the chemicals from fracking could end up in drinking water since they are pumped so far underground.
In Monroe County, there aren’t any private properties within the Delaware River basin that are large enough to allow for fracking, said DEP spokeswoman Colleen Connolly. However, property owners could band together if they were interested in permitting drilling on their land. There are properties in Pike County that are large enough to allow drilling, she said.
Lawyer: Dimock water unsafe; deliveries should go on
thetimes-tribune.com/news/gas-drilling/lawyer-dimock-water-unsafe-deliveries-should-go-on-1.1227996#axzz1cqCyvXh1
By Laura Legere (Staff Writer)
Published: November 5, 2011
Attorneys for Dimock Twp. families suing a natural gas driller over contamination claims are asking the state’s chief oil and gas regulator to reverse his decision allowing fresh water deliveries to the families to end.
Tate Kunkle, a lawyer representing the 11 families in a suit against Cabot Oil and Gas Corp., wrote to the head of the Department of Environmental Protection’s Office of Oil and Gas Management on Thursday to rebut Cabot’s claim that the families’ well water is safe and that proposed treatment systems work.
He cited tests over the past 22 months showing elevated levels of lead, aluminum, iron, toluene, methane and manganese in some of the water supplies, as well as detection of chemicals found in synthetic sands, hydraulic fluid and antifreeze that “are not naturally occurring and that are associated with natural gas drilling.”
“The fact is that the water in the Dimock/Carter Road Area remains unsafe for drinking, even with Cabot’s proposed ‘whole house treatment system,’ ” Mr. Kunkle wrote.
The DEP determined that faulty Cabot Marcellus Shale wells allowed methane to seep into aquifers in the Susquehanna County township, a finding the company disputes. Families have been relying on deliveries of fresh bottled and bulk water for drinking, bathing and cooking for nearly three years.
On Oct. 19, the agency found that Cabot had met the obligations necessary to end delivery of the water supplies outlined in a December settlement between Cabot and DEP. The settlement was reached after the Rendell Administration abandoned plans to build a public waterline to the homes and sue Cabot for the costs.
Those obligations included funding escrow accounts for 19 affected families with twice the tax-assessed value of their properties and offering to install methane-removal systems in the homes. The obligations did not include restoring the residents’ well water to its original quality or reducing levels of dissolved methane in the aquifer.
A DEP spokeswoman referred to a recent letter to the editor published by DEP Secretary Michael Krancer in the (Chambersburg) Public Opinion for his comments on the issue.
Mr. Krancer wrote that Cabot met the requirements outlined in the December agreement “and the law, in turn, requires DEP to follow its obligations – which we have done.
“The real issue here is not safety,” he continued. “It’s about a very vocal minority of Dimock residents who continue to demand that taxpayers should foot the bill for a nearly $12 million public waterline along Route 29 to serve about a dozen homes.”
Cabot argues that the methane in Dimock water supplies occurs naturally and is not a result of its gas-drilling activities. It has produced data showing naturally occurring methane is detectable in 80 percent of Susquehanna County water supplies.
The company plans to stop the fresh water deliveries on or before Nov. 30.
Cabot spokesman George Stark said Friday that the company is reviewing Mr. Kunkle’s letter. “Cabot continues to fully cooperate with the DEP regarding our operations,” he said.
In his letter, Mr. Kunkle quoted email messages from a Dimock resident who accepted a Cabot treatment system and found it failed to treat turbidity and metals in her water.
Mr. Kunkle accused Cabot of misrepresenting or selectively reporting water-quality test results and charged DEP with colluding with and “coddling” Cabot while abandoning the regulatory requirement for drillers to restore or replace tainted water supplies.
“To be sure, PADEP has taken a stance: profits of a private corporation from Texas are more important than the constitutional right to pure water of the Commonwealth’s residents,” he wrote.
Contact the writer: llegere@timesshamrock.com
Dimock, Pennsylvania Residents Will Stop Receiving Water From Fracking Company
www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/19/dimock-pennsylvania-replacement-water_n_1019743.html
MICHAEL RUBINKAM 10/19/11
ALLENTOWN, Pa. — Pennsylvania environmental regulators said Wednesday they have given permission to a natural-gas driller to stop delivering replacement water to residents whose drinking water wells were tainted with methane.
Residents expressed outrage and threatened to take the matter to court.
Cabot Oil & Gas Corp. has been delivering water to homes in the northeast village of Dimock since January of 2009. The Houston-based energy company asked the Department of Environmental Protection for approval to stop the water deliveries by the end of November, saying Dimock’s water is safe to drink.
DEP granted Cabot’s request late Tuesday, notifying the company in a letter released Wednesday morning. Scott Perry, the agency’s acting deputy secretary for oil and gas management, wrote that since Cabot has satisfied the terms of a December settlement agreement requiring the company to remove methane from the residents’ water, DEP “therefore grants Cabot’s request to discontinue providing temporary potable water.”
Residents who are suing Cabot in federal court say their water is still tainted with unsafe levels of methane and possibly other contaminants from the drilling process. They say DEP had no right to allow Cabot to stop paying for replacement water.
Bill Ely, 60, said the water coming out of his well looks like milk.
“You put your hand down a couple of inches and you can’t see your hand, that’s how much gas there is in it. And they’re telling me it was that way all my life,” said Ely, who has lived in the family homestead for nearly 50 years and said his well water was crystal clear until Cabot’s arrival three years ago.
If Cabot stops refilling his 550-gallon plastic “water buffalo” that supplies water for bathing and washing clothes, Ely said it will cost him $250 per week to maintain it and another $20,000 to $30,000 to install a permanent system to pipe water from an untainted spring on his land.
Ely and another resident, Victoria Switzer, said their attorneys had promised to seek an injunction in the event that DEP gave Cabot permission to halt deliveries. The attorneys did not immediately return an email and phone call seeking comment.
Regulators previously found that Cabot drilled faulty gas wells that allowed methane to escape into Dimock’s aquifer. The company denied responsibility, but has been banned from drilling in a 9-square-mile area of Dimock since April of 2010.
Along with its request to stop paying for deliveries of water, Cabot has asked the department for permission to resume drilling in Dimock, a rural community about 20 miles south of the New York state line where 18 residential water wells were found to be polluted with methane. DEP has yet to rule on that request.
Philip Stalnaker, a Cabot vice president, asserted in a Monday letter to DEP that tests show the residents’ water to be safe to drink and use for cooking, bathing, washing dishes and doing laundry. He said any methane that remains in the water is naturally occurring but that Cabot is willing to install mitigation systems at residents’ request.
Months’ worth of sampling data provided by DEP to The Times-Tribune of Scranton show that methane has spiked repeatedly this year in the water wells of several homes, reaching potentially explosive levels in five, the newspaper reported Wednesday.
Cabot cited data from 2,000 water samples taken before the commencement of drilling in Susquehanna County that show that 80 percent of them already had methane.
“The amount of methane in a water supply is neither fixed nor predictable,” and depends on a variety of factors unrelated to drilling, Cabot spokesman George Stark said in an email Wednesday.
Methane is an odorless, colorless, tasteless gas commonly found in Pennsylvania groundwater. Sources include swamps, landfills, coal mines and gas wells. Methane is not known to be harmful to ingest, but at high concentrations it’s flammable and can lead to asphyxiation.
The December 2010 agreement between DEP and Cabot required the company to offer residential treatment systems that remove methane from the residents’ water, and to pay them twice the assessed tax value of their homes. A half-dozen treatment systems have been installed, and Cabot said they are effective at removing the gas.
But residents who filed a federal lawsuit against Cabot are appealing the December settlement. They favor an earlier, scuttled DEP plan that would have forced Cabot to pay nearly $12 million to connect their homes to a municipal water line.
Switzer said it’s inappropriate for the state to allow Cabot to stop the water deliveries while the appeal is pending – and while there still are problems with residents’ water.
“They keep changing the rules to accommodate this gas company. It’s so blatantly corrupt,” she said.
DEP spokeswoman Katherine Gresh said the December settlement gave Cabot the right to halt the deliveries once the company funded escrow accounts for the homeowners and is “independent of the water quality results.”
Cabot plans to inform each homeowner by Nov. 1 that it will discontinue deliveries of bulk and bottled water by Nov. 30. The company also offered to pay for a plumber to reconnect residents’ water wells. Cabot said it will stop delivering replacement water “at its earliest opportunity” to homeowners who refuse to allow testing of their well water.
Pa. issues air pollution rules for gas drilling
www.timesleader.com/news/Pa-issues-air-pollution-rules-for-gas-drilling.html
HARRISBURG, Pa. (AP) — Pennsylvania state environmental regulators will follow new guidelines endorsed by a natural gas industry group for deciding how to group together facilities such as wells, dehydrators and compressors when enforcing air pollution standards.
The Department of Environmental Protection issued the new guidelines Wednesday and opened them up for public comment until Nov. 21.
The Citizens Voice of Wilkes-Barre reports (http://bit.ly/q4a4KE) that the industry group, Marcellus Shale Coalition, last year urged the state not to group air pollution sources that are not contiguous or adjacent, even if they’re connected by pipelines.
Instead, it recommended a quarter-mile rule that several other states follow and which the Pennsylvania DEP wants to follow.
The new guidelines take effect immediately, but are considered interim for now.
Gas well cement issues reported
http://citizensvoice.com/news/drilling/gas-well-cement-issues-reported-1.1205029#axzz1YDTV7QfJ
By Laura Legere (staff writer)
September 18, 2011
At the recent Shale Gas Insight conference in Philadelphia, the CEO of one of the largest Marcellus Shale drilling companies in Pennsylvania was unequivocal in his message that methane contamination of drinking water supplies from faulty gas wells is at an end.
“Problem identified; problem solved,” Chesapeake Energy’s chairman Aubrey McClendon declared.
But violations data released last week by the state Department of Environmental Protection show problems persist with the cemented strings of steel casing meant to protect groundwater from gas and fluids in Marcellus wells.
In August, DEP inspectors found defective or inadequate casing or cement at eight Marcellus wells, including Hess Corp.’s Davidson well in Scott Township, Wayne County – the first casing violation found in the county where only a handful of Marcellus wells have been drilled.
During the first eight months of 2011, 65 Marcellus wells were cited for faulty casing and cementing practices – one more than was recorded in all of 2010.
Casing and cementing violations do not necessarily indicate that gas has or will migrate into drinking water supplies, and methane is present in many water wells in Pennsylvania from natural pathways unrelated to gas drilling. But in the three dozen instances when methane has migrated into water supplies from gas wells in Northeast Pennsylvania, cement flaws have been identified by state regulators as a primary pathway for the gas.
In his comments at the conference, McClendon credited an “updated and customized casing system” included in stronger state oil and gas casing and cementing regulations for “preventing new cases of gas migration.”
The increase in casing and cementing violations reflects the state’s increased attention to the issue, especially since the regulations were updated in February. The steady pace of new violations – an average of eight new wells a month have been cited for casing, cement or leaking gas violations this year – also indicates the complexity of the problem in a state where the geology is neither uniform nor predictable.
DEP Secretary Michael Krancer, who was not present for McClendon’s statement, said he could not respond to it directly when asked about it at the shale conference.
“One case of methane migration or well contamination is one case too many,” he said.
Most of the casing and cement violations recorded this summer became evident to inspectors when bubbles rose from between the cemented casing strings in water pooled at the well sites or when combustible gas was detected with meters at the surface, according to notes in the violation reports posted by the department online.
The department considers bubbling or escaping gas at the surface an indication of problems below.
In June, July and August, bubbling or escaping gas was noted during inspections of Marcellus wells in Wayne, Wyoming, Susquehanna, Bradford and Lycoming counties in the northeast and northcentral region. The wells’ operators include Chesapeake, Hess, Exco Resources, Williams Production and XTO Energy.
The inspector’s notes from the Hess Davidson well on Aug. 18 confirmed bubbling outside of one of the casing strings and that “Hess indicated (the) bubbling is methane.” The company was directed to develop a plan within 30 days to “remediate (the) problem of defective cement.”
Hess spokeswoman Maripat Sexton said the company is working with DEP to resolve the issue.
“There does not appear to be any adverse impacts,” she said.
llegere@timesshamrock.com
DEP boss: We won’t leave scars
http://standardspeaker.com/news/dep-boss-we-won-t-leave-scars-1.1185041#axzz1UFlEFGtR
By KENT JACKSON (Staff Writer)
Published: August 6, 2011
Speakers at a conference in Hazleton about pollution from abandoned coal mines hope that environmental problems won’t result from Pennsylvania’s latest energy boom – drilling for natural gas in the Marcellus Shale formation.
Michael Krancer, the secretary of Pennsylvania’s Department of Environmental Protection, who opened the conference on Friday at Best Western Genetti Inn and Suites, said he will police gas drilling so companies don’t pollute air and water.
“We’re very sensitive to leaving a legacy,” Krancer said, while adding that public sensibilities are different now than a century ago when coal mining left its mark.
“People today won’t tolerate scars on the land” or pollution in the air, he said.
An attorney and former judge on the state Environmental Hearing Board, Krancer said he encourages companies to be good neighbors and said those that cheat on environmental rules ruin the free market and the natural world.
“That is my core belief,” he said.
When asked, however, about taxing gas companies today to remediate the problems created by coal companies of yesteryear, Krancer said that won’t happen.
“Given my boss’ view of taxes,” he said of Gov. Tom Corbett’s stance against taxing gas companies, “it’s a non-starter.”
Krancer further said the gas deposits are personal property and compared a plan to tax them to borrowing the car of the man who raised the question for government use. He did say the legislators show strong support for charging companies fees to offset the impact on communities where drilling occurs.
Krancer approves using water polluted by draining through mines to drill for gas.
“That’s a no-brainer” was his reaction when he first heard of the concept, and he said he hasn’t changed his views. Legal questions, however, have arisen about whether gas companies inherit responsibility for treating water under the doctrine of “You use it, you own it.”
Sandra McSurdy, in one of 15 seminars that followed Krancer’s address, talked about a study of using acid mine drainage in gas drilling that she manages for the U.S. Department of Energy.
The plan might work better in the southwestern part of the state where mine pools overlap gas wells better than they do in the northeast.
Using mine water, she said, reduces the water that drillers will draw from rivers, streams and public drinking supplies. It also could cut down the traffic from trucks carrying water to mines or hauling contaminated water that flowed back from gas wells to Ohio for disposal in deep wells there.
Some gas drillers seeking to avoid legal responsibility for treating mine water refuse to use it.
For drillers that would use mine water, meanwhile, McSurdy described some of the interactions with chemicals in water that flows back from the gas wells.
Sulfate in mine water, for example, is excellent at removing barium and iron, but not strontium, from flowback water, McSurdy said. Adding sodium bicarbonate, meanwhile, helps take out strontium, she said.
Radisav Vidic at the University of Pittsburgh is leading the research and looking at how fast the chemical reactions occur between mine and drilling waters, McSurdy said.
Some samples of the flowback water contain radioactivity from radon below ground, which can be removed by sulfate. The resulting solid would need to be disposed as low-level nuclear waste, McSurdy said.
Mine water also has been used to wash coal, provide a source of steam in coal-burning plants and has been suggested as a water source for the coal-to-diesel plant that Jack Rich of Reading Anthracite wants to build in Schuylkill County, Charles Cravotta III, a hydrogeologist for the U.S. Geological Survey, said.
Cravotta and colleagues did a study that estimated 60 billion to 220 billion gallons might be pooled in mines in the Western Middle Anthracite Fields, which are primarily in the watersheds of the Mahanoy and Shamokin creeks.
Thomas Clark of the Susquehanna River Basin Commission looked at the top 20 sites in the anthracite region, including the Jeddo Tunnel, that send acid mine drainage into the river. Prefacing his remarks by saying he is not an engineer, Clark said 10 treatment plants might be built to handle the flow from 16 of the top sources, plus 20 other discharge points.
In his plan, the Nescopeck Creek, which is fed by the Jeddo Mine Tunnel and accounts for 56 percent of aluminum entering the Susquehanna in the region, would get a separate treatment plant. Other plants would treat water from two or more sites.
Together, the plants would remove 68 percent of iron, 73 percent of manganese, 79 percent of aluminum and 60 percent of acidity flowing into the Susquehanna from the region.
Mine engineer Michael Korb of Hazleton, after reporting on a never-realized plan from the 1950s to send mine drainage from Pennsylvania to Maryland through a 137-mile tunnel, suggested diverting water from mines so it doesn’t become polluted rather than building treatment plants. Treatment plants require constant maintenance and passive plants have been disabled by storms, he said.
Even diversion systems, such as ditches and flumes, require maintenance, said Korb, who pointed out that most of the systems installed in the 1950s in lieu of the giant tunnel stopped being effective after the coal companies went out of business and stopped the upkeep.
kjackson@standardspeaker.com